In Java, the volatile and synchronized keywords are used to address issues related to concurrent programming and ensure proper synchronization between threads.
volatile Keyword:The volatile keyword is used to declare a variable as volatile. When a variable is declared as volatile, it ensures that any thread reading the variable sees the most recent modification made by any other thread.
public class SharedResource {
private volatile int counter = 0;
public void increment() {
counter++;
}
public int getCounter() {
return counter;
}
}
synchronized Keyword:The synchronized keyword is used to create mutually exclusive blocks of code, also known as critical sections. When a method or a block of code is marked as synchronized, only one thread can execute that method or block at a time. This helps in preventing race conditions and ensures that shared resources are accessed in a thread-safe manner.
public class SharedResource {
private int counter = 0;
public synchronized void increment() {
counter++;
}
public synchronized int getCounter() {
return counter;
}
}