Short variable declaration in a conditional statement

This is a feature in Go that allows you to declare and initialize variables within an if, for, or switch statement

It's a concise way to create variables that have a limited scope, typically used within the block associated with the conditional statement

Here's the basic syntax for a short variable declaration in a conditional statement

if varName := expression; condition {
    // Code to execute if condition is true
} else {
    // Code to execute if condition is false
}

Here's how it works:

varName is the name of the variable you want to declare and initialize.
expression is an expression that provides the initial value for the variable.
condition is a boolean condition that determines whether the code inside the if block or the else block will be executed.

The variable varName is only accessible within the scope of the if block, which is delimited by curly braces {}. If the condition is true, the code within the if block is executed, and if the condition is false, the code within the else block is executed.

Here's an example:

if num := 10; num > 5 {
    fmt.Println("Number is greater than 5")
} else {
    fmt.Println("Number is not greater than 5")
}